Memory Strategies
• Learn from General to Specific—get a broad overview before learning details—review table of
contents and chapter summaries before reading chapters—use table of contents and retrieval
cues for self-testing.
• Make Information Meaningful—relate new information to previously learned material and
educational goals.
• Associate—integrate new material with what you know—group details to create associations.
Develop a metaphor or story to hold together several details in one image.
• Learn Information Once Actively—create an atmosphere conducive to learning; sit up, stand up,
gesture, walk around, draw concepts in the air—involve your body in studying.
• Relax—new information is easier to absorb when you are relaxed.
• Visualize—create pictures, draw diagrams, turn abstract ideas into concrete actions.
• Recite and Repeat—read and repeat information aloud to involve different senses in learning
(i.e., auditory, visual, kinesthetic).
• Transfer Learning Into Long-Term Memory—short-term memory lasts a few minutes to several
hours—reviewing shortly after study sessions can move information into long-term memory—
frequent review is one of the most powerful techniques to improve memory.
• Reduce Interference—study in an environment free from distraction—study more difficult subjects
during daylight hours—allow15 to 20 minutes to warm-up—take breaks after 45-50 minutes of
studying—beware of your ability to rationalize chatting, playing computer games, email, etc.
instead of studying—learn to say no effectively and courteously—good friends respect your
priorities—hang a “Do Not Disturb” sign on your door.
• Over Learn—pick a subject apart, add to it, and review until the information becomes second
nature. Use other resources to increase the breadth of your understanding and knowledge.
• Beware of Attitudes—examine how your attitude affects learning and memory.
• Distribute Learning—marathon study sessions are usually not effective—study less information
over longer periods.
• Recall Similar Information—if you are stuck, try recalling related information—write down answers
to similar questions to trigger memory for other answers.
• Combine Memory Techniques—experiment to find a unique combination of strategies that work.
Adapted from: Ellis, D. B. (1985). Becoming a Master Student. Rapid City, SD: College Survival Inc.
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