| SAS Companion for the OS/2 Environment |
The SAS text editor windows (including Program Editor and NOTEPAD) work similarly
to other OS/2 editors. Thus, you can edit your SAS code without learning
how to use a new text editor.
If you are familiar with the SAS Program Editor window under other operating
environments such as OS/390 (formerly MVS), notice that under OS/2 line numbers
are turned off by default. You can issue the NUMBERS ON command from the
command bar to display line numbers in the Program Editor window.
You can also control line numbers by using the Editor Options dialog
box when the Program Editor or NOTEPAD is the active window. To open the Editor
Options dialog box either type edop in the
command bar or
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Select
| Tools |
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Options |
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Editor |
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Click on the down-arrow in the combo box at the top of
the Editor
Options dialog box and select Text Editing Options.
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Select Nums, click the right mouse
button, and select Modify.
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In the Value combo box, select either Yes or
No and click on [OK].
The cursor movement keys (arrow keys, PgUp, PgDn, and so on) function the
same way in SAS text windows as they do in other OS/2 applications.
Pressing the CTRL key with the left arrow key (word
left) or right arrow key (word right) causes the cursor to move one word at
a time. When you advance through text, the word-left and word-right commands
stop at the end of the text on a line and at the beginning of the first word
on a new line. You can move to the top of a file by pressing CTRL+PgUp or
to the bottom of a file by pressing CTRL+PgDn.
Pressing the Home key causes the cursor to move to the
beginning of the current line unless the command line is active. Pressing
the Home key when the command bar is active causes the cursor to toggle between
the current cursor position in the text and the command bar. The F11 key moves
the cursor to the command bar.
Many text editors retain tab characters, while others expand tabs into space
characters. The SAS Program Editor window expands tabs into space characters.
Pressing the Tab key inserts spaces and moves any text to the right of the
cursor.
By default, tabs are set on every eighth column. If
you change the tab settings (using the TABS line command), the SAS System
honors the new settings. If you remove all tab settings, the Tab key moves
the cursor to the beginning of the next field and does not add any spaces
to the text.
Conceptually, line breaks are at the end of the line rather than at the beginning.
Pressing ENTER creates a line break. To delete a line break, press the Backspace
key at the beginning of a line or press the Delete key at the end of the line.
You can use the
mouse or the Shift key in combination with the cursor movement keys to select
text. The marking of an area of text continues until you release the mouse
button or release the Shift key. To select all of the text in the active window,
select Select All from the Edit
menu. The following are several advanced text selection methods:
If characters are selected and you start typing text,
the marked area is replaced with the new text. This occurs even if you have
moved the cursor away from the marked area. For information about marking
and copying text with a mouse, see Using the Clipboard.
To unmark text, click the left mouse button in the window.
Alternatively,
you can unmark text by selecting Deselect from
the Edit menu, or you can press the ESC key.
The Delete key deletes
the currently selected text; otherwise, it deletes the character to the right
of the cursor. To delete from the cursor to the end of the current line,
press ALT+Delete. To delete from the cursor to the end of the current word,
press CTRL+Delete. To delete from the cursor to the start of the current word,
press CTRL + Backspace.
You can also use the Edit menu to delete
text. To delete all text in the window, select Clear All.
To delete only selected text, select Clear. To
delete selected text and copy that text to the Windows clipboard, select Cut.
You can drag and drop selected text between the following locations:.
To
drag and drop text from one window to another:
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Arrange your windows, if necessary, so that both
the source and target windows are visible on the display.
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Select the desired text from the source window.
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Click and
hold the right mouse button with the
pointer on the selected text.
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With the mouse button still pressed, drag the
text to the target window.
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Move the mouse pointer to the position where you
want to insert the text. (If you plan to just submit the text as SAS code
for processing, position the mouse pointer anywhere in the window.)
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Release the mouse button. The text is either
included at the point where you positioned the cursor, or it is submitted
to the SAS System for processing. (The default action depends on the type
of the target window.)
Here is a summary of drag-and-drop actions available
for the possible target windows in SAS:
The actions that occur
when you drag text out of a SAS
window into another OS/2 application depend on the target application. In
most cases, dragging and dropping text between SAS and other applications
actually moves the text from one window to another (that is, the text is cut
from one window and placed in the other).
You can change that behavior by applying a drag-modifier-a key that you press while you drag and drop. To copy
text
from one window to another (instead of moving it), press and hold the CTRL
key before and during the drag-and-drop action. When you release the mouse
button to drop the text, release the CTRL key as well.
When you copy text out of a SAS window to the clipboard and paste it into
the window of another application, the text retains all of the format information
it had in SAS (except for color) if the target window accepts RTF formatting.
For example, the OS/2 System Editor does not preserve formatting, but the
Enhanced Editor and many other word processors do. The same is true when you
drag text out of a SAS window and drop it in another application window.
The following features of the SAS text editor window
are different from the standard features of other editors that are commonly
used in the OS/2 operating environment:
The OS/2 clipboard enables you to exchange text and graphics between applications.
You can also submit SAS code that is stored on the clipboard. The clipboard
uses operating environment memory as an intermediate storage buffer for exchanging
text and graphics. With the clipboard, you can move text between
The SAS System under OS/2 communicates with the clipboard
using these formats:
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SAS text format
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preserves the text and color attributes
between SAS sessions. This format is understood by the SAS System, but not
by other OS/2 applications.
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OS/2 text format
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is understood by most OS/2 applications.
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RTF text format
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encapsulates text font and highlighting
attributes when you are copying text between applications that both support
RTF format. SAS can cut and copy text only in RTF format; you cannot paste
RTF text into a SAS window.
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bitmap format
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is for graphics and for windows in SAS/ASSIST software.
This format is understood by most OS/2 applications.
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metafile format
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is used in many SAS applications that support the GSTORE
command, such as the Graphics Editor in SAS/GRAPH software, the SAS/QC ISHIKAWA
procedure, and SAS/INSIGHT software. The metafile format supported for clipboard
operations has a file extension of MET and provides more information about
the image than about the bitmap format.
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DIB (device independent bitmap) format
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is used with color bitmap files. When a
bitmap is stored in the DIB format, colors map correctly from one device to
another.
These formats enable you to copy text and SAS bitmapped
information (for example, from a graphic) to another application. You can
also use the Print Screen and ALT+Print Screen keys to copy information from
your SAS session to the clipboard. Pressing Print Screen places the entire
display in bitmap form on the clipboard.
You can use the clipboard only if both the source and
destination applications provide support for the clipboard facility and for
the format that you are using. Note that whereas some operating environments
allow multiple paste buffers, the SAS System under OS/2 uses the OS/2 clipboard,
which is a single buffer.
For
windows that contain text, such as the Program Editor, NOTEPAD, Log, Output,
and KEYS windows, you can hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse
to mark the area that you want to cut or copy. The text area is immediately
marked in reverse video while you are dragging the mouse. Release the mouse
button when you have included all the text you want to copy.
To copy marked text to the clipboard, do one of the following:
To paste text that is stored on the clipboard, position the cursor in
a text area in a window and do one of the following:
The text from the clipboard is pasted to the area that you indicate.
If there is already an area of selected text within the target window, the
selected text is replaced with contents of the clipboard. You can paste text
only into SAS windows that accept text input, such as the Program Editor or
the NOTEPAD.
For windows such as the GRAPH and SAS/ASSIST windows,
an area is marked by a box, not by reverse video. The box indicates that
the area that you are marking is in bitmap format. You cannot scroll in these
windows while you are marking text. After you finish marking an area, you
can copy it to the clipboard. If the window that you are working in has no Edit pop-up menu, you can use the following keys to perform
the copy and paste functions:
Both the SAS/QC ISHIKAWA procedure and the Graphics Editor support the storing
of metafile graphics format as well as bitmap formats on the clipboard. In
the Graphics Editor, the area that you mark is enclosed in a box, and you
cannot scroll as you mark. The GSTORE command should be used to store the
currently marked area (the entire screen when used with the ISHIKAWA procedure)
on the OS/2 clipboard in device-dependent bitmap (BMP) graphical data formats.
You can also select Copy from the Edit menu to store the marked area on the clipboard.
You can paste bitmaps into the Graphics Editor and Image
Editor to import graphics. For more information, see Importing Graphics from Other Applications.
The SAS System under OS/2 enables you to use the OS/2 clipboard
to submit SAS code. This feature can be used to copy or cut SAS code from
another application, such as the OS/2 Enhanced Editor or another text editor,
and submit it to the SAS System for execution. This is also convenient for
submitting the sample programs that are available in the SAS online Help.
To submit SAS code stored on the clipboard, select Submit Clipboard
from the Run menu
with the Program Editor window active. Alternatively, you can issue the GSUBMIT
command from the command bar, using the following syntax:
gsubmit buf=default
The GSUBMIT command can be used to submit SAS code stored
on the clipboard even if the Program Editor window is not the active window
(or if it is closed). If you use the GSUBMIT command often, you may want to
define an icon for it in the toolbar, or assign the GSUBMIT command to a function
key. For more information about how to define toolbar icons, see Customizing the Toolbar.
Both SAS NOTEPAD
and SAS/AF allow you to use extended color and highlight attributes for text.
To access these attributes, press the ESC key and the appropriate letter
or number to turn a color or attribute on and off. With this feature, you
can alter the color or attributes of entire lines or individual words or letters.
Valid colors and attributes, as well as the keys you use to implement them,
are listed in Extended Color Key Sequences
and Extended Attribute Key Sequences.
Color names are not case sensitive.
If you want to create alternate
ASCII characters such
as foreign language characters, you can use the ALT key in combination with
the ASCII character code. Use the numeric keypad with NumLock on to enter
the character code. For a list of ASCII character codes and instructions
about how to use the ALT key sequences, see your OS/2 documentation.
Many commands are already assigned to menu items for the windows in which
they apply. For example, selecting Submit from
the Run menu for the Program Editor window has
the same effect as typing SUBMIT at the Program Editor command line. The items
in the menu bar and pop-up window vary depending on the active window.
If you want to use the command line to issue commands,
from the Preferences dialog box View tab, select Command line. (For more information, see Setting Session Preferences.) This
action places a command line in
each SAS window. You can then type commands on the command line in the window
in which the commands apply. (For example, the INCLUDE command applies in
the Program Editor window, but not in the Log window.)
By default, SAS displays a command bar at the top of
the main SAS window. To move your cursor to the command bar, press the F11
key.
The command bar offers a central location from which
you can enter any SAS command, as long as the command is valid for the active
window. If you enter a command that is not valid for the active window, SAS
issues an error message.
The SAS System stores the commands that you enter in
the command bar from session to session, and you can easily retrieve previously
entered commands. You can either begin typing the previously entered command
and SAS will automatically complete the last command that began with that
letter, or you can select a previously entered command from the drop-down
list. SAS can store the commands either in order of the most recently entered
or in order of the most frequently used. You can select your preferences for
the command bar by using the Preferences General dialog box (described in Setting Session Preferences) or by issuing
the COMMAND command (described in COMMAND).
The toolbar provides a convenient way to issue commands
that you use often. To issue a command by using the toolbar, simply click
on the icon that represents the command that you need. To learn which tools
perform what commands, position the mouse pointer over a tool briefly to display
the ScreenTip.
You can add or change the tools that are defined in
the toolbar. For more information, see Customizing the Toolbar.
The working folder is the
operating environment folder
to which many SAS commands and actions apply. The name of the SAS working
folder is displayed in the status line at the bottom of the main SAS window.
By default, the SAS System uses the current folder as the working folder when
you begin your SAS session. You can specify a different default working folder
by changing the Working directory field in the
Properties Program page for the SAS program.
You can also change the working folder during your SAS
session. If you are running SAS interactively, you can use the interface to
select a new folder. If you are running SAS in batch mode or if you want
to change the folder as part of a SAS program, you can use the SAS X statement
to issue operating environment commands to change the folder.
To change the SAS working folder during your SAS session,
double-click on the current folder that is displayed on the status line. Then
use the Change Folder dialog box (shown in Change Folder Dialog Box) to select a new working folder.
Change Folder Dialog Box
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If you organize your files so
that each project has
its own folder, then the Change Folder dialog box allows you to quickly switch
between projects. As you select different projects, the dialog box retains
the directories that you select in the Folder list
box.
You can change the working drive and folder by submitting
the change directory (CD or CHDIR) command with the X statement in SAS. The
SAS System intercepts the change directory command and then changes drive
commands and changes its working folder.
For example, the following statements change the working
folder for your SAS session to the MYDATA folder and G:\SALES\JUNE folder,
respectively:
x 'cd \mydata';
x 'cd g:\sales\june';
To simply change the working drive, you can submit a
change drive command (the drive letter followed by a colon and enclosed in
single quotes) such as the following:
x 'a:';
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.
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