| SAS Companion for the OS/2 Environment |
See SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference for full details on using SAS/GRAPH software. Also see
Overview of Graphics Considerations for further details on using graphics and fonts with the SAS System under OS/2.
In most cases,
output is automatically displayed on your monitor when you run a SAS/GRAPH procedure; it is not necessary to specify a SAS/GRAPH device driver. Information about your graphics display is stored in an
OS/2 information file and is automatically used by the SAS System during an interactive SAS session.
Here is a simple example of how to produce a graphic:
data hat;
do x=-5 to 5 by .25;
do y=-5 to 5 by .25;
z=sin(sqrt(x*x+y*y));
output;
end;
end;
proc g3d data=hat;
plot y*x=z/ctop=red;
title 'Cowboy Hat with G3D';
run;
quit;
Cowboy Hat Procedure Output shows the output for this program:
Cowboy Hat Procedure Output
![[IMAGE]](./images/01132620.gif)
If you use the DEVICE=
option in the GOPTIONS statement to route your graphics to a hardcopy device, and then you want to return to using your monitor to display graphics, you must specify a driver. Submit the following
statement to display graphics output on your monitor:
goptions device=win;
You should also use the WIN device driver to produce graphics on your display when you run your SAS job in batch mode.
You can use two methods to print output from SAS/GRAPH:
After SAS prepares output for a printer (by using either OS/2 printer drivers or a
SAS/GRAPH printer driver), the output is sent to the OS/2 printer, which then queues it for printing on the device of your choice.
SAS/GRAPH Generic Printer Drivers versus SAS/GRAPH Native Printer Drivers illustrates how you can use the two sets of printer drivers within SAS/GRAPH to produce output for a given
device.
SAS/GRAPH Generic Printer Drivers versus SAS/GRAPH Native Printer Drivers
![[IMAGE]](./images/01132621.gif)
The method that you choose depends on the output device you
are using; see Choosing between a SAS/GRAPH Native Driver and the OS2Pxxx Driver for more information. You can control both graphics printing methods by using either the Print and Print Setup
dialogs or the SYSPRINT= option and the GOPTIONS DEVICE= statement.
To print a graphic using the SAS/GRAPH generic device drivers with the OS/2 printer drivers:
-
Select Print
Setup from the File menu and verify that the Printer field in the Print Setup dialog contains the correct OS/2 printer. You can use
the Print Setup dialog to select any printer that you have installed on OS/2. (To install new drivers and port combinations, use the WarpGuide which you can access through the Assistance Center
folder.)
Alternatively, you can use the SYSPRINT system option to assign the destination printer (for example,
options sysprint='HP LaserJet III';). Note that you may assign only printer driver names that have been previously configured in OS/2.
-
Run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS:
GOPTIONS DEVICE=OS2Pxxx; The value of OS2Pxxx you specify depends on the type of output device you use to print your graph:
-
OS2PRTM
-
for black and white (monochrome) printers
-
OS2PRTG
-
for grayscale printers
-
OS2PRTC
-
for color printers
-
OS2PLOT
-
for plotters
The orientation of graphics output is determined by the
following:
Note:
Graphic printing is affected by the margins specified in the Page Setup
dialog box. If you modify the margins when printing graphics and your intention is to keep the graphic proportional, be sure the change the Top and Bottom margins by the same amount you change the
Left and Right margins. ![[cautend]](../common/images/cautend.gif)
SAS/GRAPH
native drivers are drivers that produce output in the native language of the target device. Examples of SAS/GRAPH native drivers include:
After the SAS/GRAPH native printer driver has
produced output in the native language of the target device, SAS then routes the output to the device using the OS/2 printer. The SAS System bypasses the OS/2 driver that is currently associated with
the target device, but it does respect the destination specified in the Print Setup dialog box when deciding where to send the output.
To print a graph using a SAS/GRAPH
printer driver, run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS:
goptions device=driver-name;
where driver-name is the name of a valid SAS/GRAPH device driver. For example,
goptions device=hpljs2;
formats the graph for the Hewlett-Packard LaserJet
Series II printer. (You can view the complete list of SAS/GRAPH drivers by submitting the PROC GDEVICE statement.)
To print a graph to a printer file (also called a
graphics stream file, or GSF) instead of directly to a printer, specify the GSFNAME option on the GOPTIONS statement with the filename or fileref that points to where you want the output. For example:
filename graphout "graphpic.prn";
goptions gsfname=graphout gsfmode=replace
device=hpljs2;
You can preview a graph that
you create and, at the same time, format it for optimal display on the device of your choice. To preview the graph before you print it, run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS
statement:
goptions targetdevice=driver-name;
where driver-name is either one of the
OS2Pxxx drivers or a SAS/GRAPH native driver.
By specifying a target device, SAS/GRAPH can format the graph with colors and attributes appropriate for the
target printer. To print the graph after it is displayed, select Print from the File menu.
Note:
If you do not
specify a TARGETDEVICE before you create the graph, SAS/GRAPH will prompt you (in the Print dialog) for a device driver name when you attempt to print the graph that you are previewing. (In most
cases the OS2PRTM or OS2PRTC driver is specified by default.) The graph colors, orientation, and sizing might not be optimal for the output device you specify.
When deciding whether to use SAS/GRAPH native drivers or the OS2Pxxx series of
drivers, you need to consider such factors as the device you are using and the type of output you want to produce. Note the following specific considerations:
SAS/GRAPH lets you import bitmap and vector graphics that were created by other software packages. This provides a couple of benefits:
You can import bitmap graphics into these SAS System windows:
The SAS System provides two ways to import bitmap graphics into SAS/GRAPH:
If the tool you use to create the source graphics is an OS/2 application, then you can use the
OS/2 clipboard to copy the graphics to your SAS session.
-
From the application you used to create the graphic, select the graphic and copy it to the clipboard,
using the copy procedures for your graphics tool.
-
Switch to your SAS session (or start your SAS session, if it is not already
running).
-
With the SAS/GRAPH window active, select Paste from the Edit menu (or use the GPASTE command).
The graphic is pasted into the SAS/GRAPH window.
SAS/GRAPH provides import filters to translate graphics files created in other applications to a format that you can use with the SAS System.
You can import graphics from
other applications that produce files in any of the formats shown in Graphics Import File Formats.
To import bitmap graphics into
SAS/GRAPH:
-
With the GRAPH window active, select the Import Image... menu item from the File
menu.
-
Use the Import Image dialog box to select the source directory and graphics file. Ensure that the Format field shows the
correct source format; this indicates which import filter SAS/GRAPH will use. You can have the SAS System automatically detect the file format of the file to import by selecting AUTO as the
Format. Choose [OK].
Note:
Automatic file format detection using AUTO does not detect the DIB file
format
You can also include IMAGE catalog entries in your graphs. For information about including IMAGE catalog entries, see
SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.
The SAS System provides these methods of exporting graphics created in SAS/GRAPH for use with other word processing or desktop publishing packages, or for display on the internet or on an intranet:
You can also use SAS/GRAPH to create GIF and VRML files for use with
web browsers, PDF files for use with the Adobe Acrobat reader, and many other useful types of graphics files. For more information about how to create these types of files, see SAS/GRAPH
Software: Reference and the online help for SAS/GRAPH.
SAS/GRAPH provides export filters to translate graphics generated in SAS/GRAPH into
formats that you can use with other applications, such as spreadsheet and desktop publishing programs.
You can export graphics from SAS/GRAPH in any of the formats shown in
Graphics Export File Formats.
To export a graph from the GRAPH
window:
-
With the GRAPH window as the active window, select Export Image... from the File
menu.
-
In the Export Image dialog box, select the target file format.
-
Specify the directory and filename for the
exported graphic. Choose [OK].
For more information about exporting graphics to a SAS IMAGE catalog entry from the Image editor,
see the online help for SAS/GRAPH.
A quick way to export graphics from the SAS System to another OS/2 application is to use the OS/2 clipboard. When you copy information from SAS/GRAPH to the clipboard, you can then paste that
information into any application that accepts DIB or BMP input.
To copy information from SAS/GRAPH to the clipboard:
-
From the
GRAPH window, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse over the portion of the graph you want to copy. A selection box marks off the selected area as you move the mouse. When you are
finished, release the mouse button.
If you do not select an area of the graph to copy, the next step will copy the entire graph to the
clipboard.
-
With the GRAPH window still active, press CTRL+C (or select Copy to Paste Buffer from the Edit
menu).
This copies the graph to the clipboard. From here, you can switch to the target application and paste the graph (typically by using the
Paste or Paste Special options in the other OS/2 application). See the documentation for the other OS/2 application for more information about how
to paste information from the clipboard.
You can export graphs from
SAS/GRAPH to other graphics packages using drivers developed specifically for those packages. When you use computer graphics metafiles (CGMs) as the medium of transport between packages, your graph
retains its separate components that you can independently edit and size. (The editing capabilities you can use depend on the target graphics package.)
To create a CGM
from SAS/GRAPH, set GOPTIONS as follows:
FILENAME fileref 'filename.CGM';
GOPTIONS DEVICE=CGMxxxx GSFNAME=fileref
GSFMODE=REPLACE;
where CGMxxxx is the appropriate CGM driver for your target application, and filename.CGM is the name of the file you want to create.
CGM Drivers and Documentation for Popular Graphics Packages lists the graphics packages to which you can export CGMs, the appropriate drivers to use, and the SAS Institute document that
describes how to export the file and use it with the target application. You access these documents free of charge
from SAS Institute's Technical Support Division on the SAS Institute web site.
The driver names marked with an asterisk (*) are already provided with Version 7 of the SAS
System. For each driver that is not provided, the corresponding document describes how to build the driver.
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.
