Creates block charts in which the height of the blocks represents
the value of the chart statistic for each category of data.
| Requirements: |
At least one chart variable is required.
|
| Global statements: |
LEGEND, PATTERN, TITLE, FOOTNOTE
|
| Supports: |
Drill-down functionality
|
The BLOCK statement specifies the variable or variables that define the categories
of data to chart. This statement automatically
You can use statement options to select or order the
midpoints (blocks), to change the type of chart statistic, and to modify the
appearance of the chart. You can also specify additional variables by which
to group, subgroup, or sum the data.
Block charts allow grouping, which organizes the blocks
into rows based on the values of a group variable, and subgrouping, which
subdivides the blocks into segments based on the values of a subgroup variable.
In addition, you can use global statements to modify
the block patterns and the legend, as well as add titles, footnotes, and notes
to the chart. You can also use an Annotate data set to enhance the chart.
Note:
If you get a message that the chart is too large to
display on your terminal or printer, try one or both of the following: ![[cautend]](../common/images/cautend.gif)
See About the Graphics Output Area
for a details.
|
BLOCK chart-variable(s) </
option(s);>
|
option(s) can be one or more options
from any or all of the following categories:
-
chart-variable(s)
-
specifies one or more variables that
define the categories of data to chart. Each chart variable draws a separate
chart. All variables must be in the input data set. Separate multiple chart
variables with blanks. The values of a chart variable used with the BLOCK
statement have a maximum length of 13.
Options in a BLOCK statement affect all
graphs
produced by that statement. You can specify as many options as you want and
list them in any order. For details on specifying colors, see SAS/GRAPH Colors. For a complete description
of the graphics options, see Graphics Options and Device Parameters Dictionary.
-
ANNOTATE=Annotate-data-set
ANNO=Annotate-data-set
-
specifies a data set to annotate
charts produced by the BLOCK statement.
Note:
Annotate
coordinate systems 1, 2, 7, and 8 (data system coordinates) are not valid
with block charts.
-
BLOCKMAX=max-value
-
specifies the chart statistic value
of the tallest block on the chart. This option lets you produce a series of
block charts using the same scale. All blocks are rescaled as if max-value were the maximum value on the
chart.
-
CAXIS=grid-color
-
specifies the color for the midpoint
grid. By default, the midpoint grid uses the foreground color (usually the
first color in the colors list).
-
COUTLINE=block-outline-color
| SAME
-
outlines all blocks or all block
segments and legend values in the subgroup legend (if it appears) using the
specified color. SAME specifies that the outline color of a block or a block
segment or a legend value is the same as the interior pattern color.
The default outline color depends on the PATTERN statement:
Note:
If you specify empty patterns,
(VALUE=EMPTY in a PATTERN statement) you should not change the outline color
from the default value, SAME, to a single color. Otherwise all the outlines
will be one color and you will not be able to distinguish between the empty
areas.
-
CTEXT=text-color
-
specifies a color for all text on
the chart. Text includes the values and labels for the midpoint grid, the
subgroup legend, and the descriptive statistic values. If you omit CTEXT=,
PROC GCHART searches for a color specification in this order:
-
the CTEXT= option in a GOPTIONS
statement
-
the first color in the colors list (the default).
CTEXT= is overridden by the COLOR=
suboption of the
LABEL= or VALUE= option in a LEGEND definition assigned to the subgroup legend.
The suboption determines the color of the legend label or the color of the
legend value descriptions, respectively.
-
DESCRIPTION='entry-description'
DES='entry-description'
-
specifies the description of the
catalog entry for the chart. The maximum length for entry-description is 40 characters. The description does not appear on the chart. By
default, the GCHART procedure assigns a description of the form BLOCK CHART
OF variable, where variable is the name of the chart
variable.
-
DISCRETE
-
treats a numeric chart variable as
a discrete variable rather than as a continuous variable. The GCHART procedure
creates a separate midpoint and, hence, a separate grid square and block for
each unique value of the chart variable. If the chart variable has a format
associated with it, each formatted value is treated as a midpoint.
The LEVELS= option is ignored when you use DISCRETE.
The MIDPOINTS= option overrides DISCRETE.
-
FREQ=numeric-variable
-
specifies a variable whose values
weight the contribution of each observation in the computation of the chart
statistic. Each observation is counted the number of times specified by the
value of numeric-variable for that observation. If the value
of numeric-variable is missing, 0, or negative, the observation
is not used in the statistic calculation. Noninteger values of numeric-variable are truncated to integers.
FREQ= is valid with all chart
statistics.
Because you cannot use the PERCENT, CPERCENT, FREQ,
or CFREQ statistics with the SUMVAR= option, you must use the FREQ= option
to calculate percentages, cumulative percentages, frequencies, or cumulative
frequencies based on a sum.
-
G100
-
calculates the percentage and cumulative
percentage statistics separately for each group. When you use G100, the individual
percentages reflect the contribution of the midpoint to the group and total
100 percent for each group. G100 is ignored unless you also use the GROUP=
option.
By default, the individual percentages reflect the contribution
of the midpoint to the entire chart and total 100 percent for the entire chart.
-
GROUP=group-variable
-
organizes the data according to the
values of group-variable. Group-variable can be
either character or numeric and is always treated as a discrete variable.
GROUP= produces a group grid that contains a separate
row of blocks for each unique value of the group variable. Each row contains
a square for each midpoint. The groups are arranged from front to back in
ascending order of the group variable values. These values are printed to
the left of each row; the group variable name or label is printed above the
list of group values.
By default, each group includes all midpoints, even
if no observations for the group fall within the midpoint range. Missing
values for group-variable are treated as a valid group.
-
HTML=variable
-
identifies the variable in the input
data set whose values create links in the HTML file that is created by the
ODS HTML statement. These links are associated with an area of the chart and
point to the data or graph you wish to display when the user drills down on
the area.
-
HTML_LEGEND=variable
-
identifies the variable in the input
data set whose values create links in the HTML file that is created by the
ODS HTML statement. These links are associated with a legend value and point
to the data or graph that you wish to display when the user drills down on
the value.
-
LEGEND=LEGEND<1...99>
-
assigns the specified LEGEND definition
to the legend generated by the SUBGROUP= option. The LEGEND= option itself
does not generate a legend.
LEGEND= is ignored if
To create a legend based on the chart midpoints instead
of the subgroups, use the chart variable as the subgroup variable:
block city / subgroup=city;
-
LEVELS=number-of-midpoints
-
specifies the number of midpoints
for the numeric chart variable. The range for each midpoint is calculated
automatically using the algorithm described in Terrell and Scott (1985). LEVELS=
is ignored if
-
MIDPOINTS=value-list
-
specifies the midpoint values for
the blocks. The way you specify value-list depends on the type
of variable:
-
For numeric chart variables, value-list is either an explicit list of values, or a starting and
an ending value with an interval increment, or a combination of both forms:
If a numeric variable has an associated format, the
specified values must be the unformatted values.
By default, numeric variable values are treated as continuous
(if you omit the DISCRETE option), and each value in value-list
specifies the median of a range of values. In this case, the GCHART procedure
calculates the midpoint values. If you include the DISCRETE option, each
value in value-list specifies a unique numeric value.
-
For character chart variables, value-list is a list of unique
character values enclosed in quotation
marks and separated by blanks:
If a character variable has an associated format, the
specified values must be the formatted values.
For a complete description of value-list,
see the ORDER= option in the AXIS statement.
If value-list for either type of variable
specifies so many midpoints that the axis values overwrite each other, the
values may be unreadable. In this case the procedure writes a warning to the
SAS log. On many devices, you can correct crowded values by increasing the
number of cells in your graphics display using the HPOS= and VPOS= graphics
options.
-
MIDPOINTS=OLD
-
tells the GCHART procedure to calculate
default midpoints using the algorithm used in Release 82.4 and Version 5 of SAS/GRAPH software.
The MIDPOINTS=OLD option is ignored unless the chart variable is numeric.
-
MISSING
-
accepts a missing value as a valid
midpoint for the chart variable. By default, observations with missing values
are ignored. Missing values are always valid for the group and subgroup variables.
-
NAME='entry-name'
-
specifies the name of the catalog
entry for the graph. The maximum length for entry-name is eight
characters. The default name is GCHART. If the name duplicates an existing
entry name, SAS/GRAPH software adds
a number to the duplicate name to create a unique name-- for example,
GCHART1.
-
NOHEADING
-
suppresses the heading describing
the type of statistic. By default the heading is printed at the top of each
block chart.
-
NOLEGEND
-
suppresses the legend automatically
generated by the SUBGROUP= option. NOLEGEND is ignored if the SUBGROUP= option
is not used.
-
PATTERNID=BY | GROUP |
MIDPOINT | SUBGROUP
-
specifies the way fill patterns are
assigned. By default, PATTERNID=SUBGROUP. Values for PATTERNID= are as follows:
-
BY
-
changes patterns each time the value
of the BY variable changes. All blocks use the same pattern if the GCHART
procedure does not include a BY statement.
-
GROUP
-
changes patterns every time the value
of the group variable changes. All blocks in each group (row) use the same
pattern, but a different pattern is used for each group.
-
MIDPOINT
-
changes patterns every time the midpoint
value changes. If you use the GROUP= option, the respective midpoint patterns
are repeated for each group.
-
SUBGROUP
-
changes patterns every time the value
of the subgroup variable changes. The blocks must be subdivided by the SUBGROUP=
option for the SUBGROUP value to have an effect. Without SUBGROUP=, all block
faces have the same pattern.
Note:
If you use the SUBGROUP= option and specify a PATTERNID= value
other than SUBGROUP, the block segments use the same pattern and are indistinguishable.
-
SUBGROUP=subgroup-variable
-
divides the blocks into segments
according to the values of subgroup-variable. Subgroup-variable can be either character or numeric and is always treated as a discrete
variable. SUBGROUP= creates a separate segment within each block for every
unique value of the subgroup variable for that midpoint.
If PATTERNID=SUBGROUP (the default setting), each segment
is filled with a different pattern, and a legend providing a key to the patterns
is automatically generated. If the value of PATTERNID= is anything other
than SUBGROUP, the segments are all the same color, the legend is suppressed,
and the subgrouping effect is lost.
By default the legend appears at the bottom of the chart.
To modify the legend, assign a LEGEND definition with the LEGEND= option.
To suppress the legend, specify NOLEGEND.
-
SUMVAR=summary-variable
-
specifies a numeric variable for
sum or mean calculations. The GCHART procedure calculates the sum or, if
requested, the mean of numeric-variable for each midpoint. The
resulting statistics are represented by the height of the blocks in each square.
The values of a summary variable used with the BLOCK statement have a maximum
length of 8.
When you use SUMVAR=, the TYPE= option value must be
either SUM or MEAN. With SUMVAR=, the default is TYPE=SUM.
-
TYPE=statistic
-
specifies the chart statistic.
Because you cannot specify the statistics PERCENT, CPERCENT,
FREQ, or CFREQ in conjunction with SUMVAR=, you must use FREQ= to calculate
percentages, cumulative percentages, frequencies, or cumulative frequencies
based on a sum. See also Calculating Weighted Statistics.
If you specify TYPE=MEAN and use the SUBGROUP= option,
the height of the block represents the mean for the entire midpoint. The
subgroup segments are proportional to the subgroup's contribution to the sum
for the block.
-
WOUTLINE=block-outline-width
-
specifies the width of the block
outline in pixels.
In a block
chart, only the front faces of the blocks display patterns. By default, the
procedure
See About Patterns
for more information on how the GCHART procedure assigns default patterns
and outlines.
To override the default patterns and select fills and colors for the blocks
or block segments, use the PATTERN statement. Only bar/block patterns are
valid; all other pattern fills are ignored. For a complete description of
all bar/block patterns, see VALUE= in
PATTERN Statement.
Whenever you use PATTERN statements, the default pattern
outline color changes to SAME. That is, the outline color is the same as the
fill color. To specify the outline color, use the COUTLINE= option.
The PATTERNID= option controls when the pattern changes. By default, PATTERNID=SUBGROUP.
Therefore, when you use the SUBGROUP= option to subdivide the blocks, the
pattern automatically changes each time the subgroup value changes, and each
subdivision of the block displays a different pattern. As a result, the number
of values for the SUBGROUP= variable determines the number of block patterns
on the chart. If you do not subdivide the blocks, all blocks use the same
pattern.
Instead of changing the pattern for each subgroup, you
can change the pattern for each midpoint, each group, or each BY group, by
changing the value of PATTERNID=. See the PATTERNID= option for details.
By default, axis elements use the
first color in the colors
list. To change the grid color, use the CAXIS= option. To change the axis
text color, use the CTEXT= option.
To control the font and
size
of text on the chart, use the FTEXT= and HTEXT= graphics options. See Graphics Options and Device Parameters Dictionary for a
description of these options.
Because block charts do not use AXIS
statements, you must use
a LABEL statement instead to suppress the label for the midpoint variable.
See Grouping and Subgrouping a Block Chart.
The relative block
heights in the chart represent the scaled value of the chart statistic value
for the midpoint. If the statistic has a value of 0 or, in the case of sum
and mean, a negative value, the base of the block is drawn in the square for
the corresponding midpoint. Block Chart with 0 and Negative Statistic Values
shows an example of a chart with 0 and negative statistic values.
Block Chart with 0 and Negative Statistic Values
![[IMAGE]](./images/01215261.gif)
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.
