Selected References on the Ecology of Oklahoma

Adams, D. E., and R. C. Anderson. 1978. The response of a central Oklahoma grassland to burning. Southw. Nat. 23:623-32

Adams, D. E., R. C. Anderson, and S. L. Collins. 1982. Differential response of woody and herbaceous species to summer and winter burning in an Oklahoma grassland. Southw. Nat. 27:55-61

Ahring, R. M., and J. R. Harlan. 1961. Germination studies on the Dichanthium annulatum complex. O.S.U. Exper. Stn. Bull. T-90:1-15

Alleman, D. R.  1982.  Comparative water relations of four species of upland deciduous trees along a moisture gradient. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Badiei, A. A., E. Basler, and P. W. Santelmann. 1966. Aspects of movement of 2,4,5-T in blackjack oak. Weeds 14:302-5

Baker, J. B. 1994. Proceedings of the symposium on ecosystem management research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report SO-112:1-259

Barber, S. C.  1975.  A floristic Study of the Vascular Plants of the Gypsum Hills and Redbed Plains area of Southwestern Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University.

Barber, S. C. 1989. Floristic components of the Gypsum Hills and Redbed Plains of southwestern Oklahoma. Southw. Nat. 24:431-7

Barclay, H. G. 1948. The woody vegetation of Bear's Glen, a Washington Irving Stopover. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 28:39-57

Barkley, E. A. D.  1933.  A preliminary list of the vascular plants of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis. University of Oklahoma.

Barko, V. A. 1997. History of policies concerning the black-tailed prairie dog: a review. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 77:27-33

Bass, D. 1994. Community structure and distribution patterns of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a Tall Grass Prairie Stream Ecosystem. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 74:3-10

Bass, D. 2000. A preliminary study of aquatic macroinvertebrates from springs in the Pontotoc Ridge Nature Preserve, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 80:105-9

Becker, D. A., and J. J. Crockett. 1973. Evaluation of sampling techniques on tall-grass prairie. J. Range Manage. 26:61-5

Berthoud, E. L. 1892. A peculiar case of plant dissemination. Bot. Gaz. 17:321-6

Biondini, M. E., A. A. Steuter, and R. G. Hamilton. 1999. Bison use of fire-managed remnant prairies. J. Range Manage. 52:454-561

Bladock, L. O.  1938.  Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical University. (W flora [34])

Booth, W. E. 1941. Revegetation of abandoned fields in Kansas and Oklahoma. Am. J. Bot. 28:415-22

Boren, J. C., D. M. Engle, M. W. Palmer, R. E. Masters, and T. Criner. 1999. Land use change effects on breeding bird community composition. J. Range Manage. 52:420-30

Brensing, O. H., and J. Q. Lynd. 1960. Soil fertility treatments for improved corn production. O.S.U. Exper. Stn. Bull. B-549:1-19

Bruner, W. E. 1931. The vegetation of Oklahoma. Ecol. Mon. 1:100-13

Buck, P. 1964. Relationship of the woody vegetation of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge to Geological formations and soil types. Ecology 45:336-44

Bull, R. Z.  1932.  Vascular plants of Greer County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis. University of Oklahoma. (W flora[92])

Carnes, M. G., and W. T. Penfound. 1968. Reproduction of woody plants in the absence of grazing. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 47:7-11

Collins, S. L. 1987. Interaction of disturbances in tallgrass prairie: a field experiment. Ecology 68:1243-50

Collins, S. L. 1989. Experimental analysis of patch dynamics and community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie. Vegetatio 85:57-66

Collins, S. L. 1990. Patterns of community structure during succession in tallgrass prairie. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 117:397-408

Collins, S. L., and S. M. Glenn.  1988.  Disturbance and community structure in North American prairies. Pages 131-143 in H. J. During, M. J. A. Werger and J. H. Willems, editors. Diversity and Pattern in Plant Communities. Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Collins, S. L., and S. M. Glenn. 1990. A hierarchical analysis of species' abundance patterns in grassland vegetation. Am. Nat. 135:633-48

Collins, S. L., and S. C. Klahr. 1991. Tree dispersion in oak-dominated forests along an environmental gradient. Oecol. 86:471-7

Collins, S. L., P. G. Risser, and E. L. Rice. 1981. Ordination and classification of mature bottomland forests in North Central Oklahoma. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 108:152-65

Collins, S. L., J. A. Bradford, and P. L. Sims. 1987. Succession and fluctuation in Artemisia dominated grassland. Vegetatio 73:89-99

Collins, S. L., G. S. Mitchell, and S. C. Klahr. 1989. Vegetation-environment relationships in a rock outcrop community in southern Oklahoma. Am. Midl. Nat. 122:339-48

Collins, V. E., and W. T. Penfound. 1968. The relation of stock pond vegetation to geological formations in Marshall County, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 47:11-3

Coppedge, B. G., and J. H. Shaw. 2000. American bison (Bison bison) wallowing behavior and wallow formation on tallgrass prairie. Acta Theriologica 45:103-10

Coppedge, B. R., and J. H. Shaw. 1998. Bison grazing patterns on seasonally burned tallgrass prairie. J. Range Manage. 51:258-64

Coppedge, B. R., D. M. Engle, C. S. Toepfer, and J. H. Shaw. 1998. Effects of seasonal fire, bison grazing and climatic variation on tallgrass prairie vegetation. Plant Ecol. 139:235-46

Coppedge, B. R., S. D. Fuhlendorf, D. M. Engle, and B. J. Carter. 1999. Grassland soil depressions: relict bison wallows or inherent landscape heterogeneity? Am. Midl. Nat. 142:382-92

Coppedge, B. R., D. M. Engle, R. E. Masters, and M. S. Gregory. 2001. Avian response to landscape change in fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands. Ecol. Appl. 11:47-59

Crockett, J. J. 1963. Preliminary studies in the evaluation of grassland sampling techniques in tall-grass prairie sites. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 43:43-6

Crockett, J. J. 1966. Effect of mowing on a relict tall grass prairie. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 46:1-2

Crockett, J. S., and D. M. Engle. 1998. Combustion characteristics of bison (Bison bison) fecal pats ignited by grassland fires. Am. Midl. Nat. 141:12-8

Culver, D. C., L. L. Master, M. C. Christman, and H. H. I. I. I. Hobbs. 2000. Obligate cave fauna of the 48 contiguous United States. Cons. Bio. 14:386-401

Dale, E. E. J.  1946.  A preliminary survey of the flora of the Arbuckle Mountains. MS Thesis. University of Oklahoma. (C Carter Murray[168])

Dale, E. E. J. 1956. A preliminary survey of the flora of the Arbuckle Mountains. Texas J. Sci. 8:41-73

Dooley, K.  1983.  Description and dynamics of some western Oak forests in Oklahoma. PhD Thesis. University of Oklahoma.

Dooley, K. L., and S. L. Collins. 1984. Ordination and classification of western oak forest in Oklahoma. Am. J. Bot. 7:1221-7

Dwyer, D. D.  1958.  An annotated plant list of Adams Ranch. MS Thesis. Fort Hays Kansas State College.

Dwyer, D. D., W. C. Elder, and G. Singh. 1963. Effects of height and frequency of clipping on pure stands of range grasses in North Central Oklahoma. O.S.U. Exper. Stn. Bull. B-614:1-10

Dyksterhuis, E. J. 1948. The vegetation of the Western Cross Timbers. Ecol. Mon. 18:327-76

Elwell, H. M. 1964. Oak brush control improves grazing land. Agron. J. 56:411-5

Elwell, H. M. 1968. Phenoxy herbicides contol blackjack and post oaks- release native grasses. Down to Earth 24:3-5

Engle, D. M., and T. G. Bidwell. 2001. Viewpoint: the response of central North American prairies to seasonal fire. J. Range Manage. 54:2-10

Engle, D. M., and J. F. Stritzke. 1995. Fire behavior and fire effects on eastern redcedar in hardwood leaf-litter fires. Journal of Wildland Fire 5:135-41

Engle, D. M., T. G. Bidwell, A. L. Ewing, and J. R. Williams. 1989. A technique for quantifying fire behavior in grassland fire ecology studies. Southw. Nat. 34:79-84

Engle, D. M., T. G. Bidwell, and R. E. Masters. 1996. Restoring cross timbers ecosystems with fire. Transactions of the 61st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 61:190-9

Engle, D. M., M. W. Palmer, J. S. Crockett, R. L. Mitchell, and R. Stevens. 2000. Influence of Late Season Fire on Early Successional Vegetation of an Oklahoma Prairie. J. Veg. Sci. 11:135-44

Erickson, N. E. 1989. Survival of plant materials established on a floodplain in central Oklahoma. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:63-35

Erteeb, T. B.  1976.  The genetic relationship between Nama hispidum and Nama stevensii. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University.

Estes, J. R., and R. J. Tyrl, editors.  1976.  Annals of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 6: The grasses and grasslands of Oklahoma. Samuel Roberts Nobel Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma.

Ewing, A. L., and D. M. Engle. 1988. Effects of late summer fire on tallgrass prairie microclimate and community composition. Am. Midl. Nat. 120:212-23

Eyster-Smith, N. M.  1984.  Tallgrass prairies: an ecological analysis of 77 remnants. phd Thesis. University of Arkansas.

Foreman, C. T.  1947.  The Cross Timbers. Star Printery, Muskogee, Oklahoma.

Foti, T. L., and S. M. Glenn.  1991.  The Ouachita Mountain landscape at the time of settlement. Pages 49-65 in D. Henderson and L. D. Hedrick, editors. Restoration of old growth forests in the interior highlands of Arkansas and Oklahoma: proceedings of the conference. Winrock International, Morrilton, Arkansas USA.

Francaviglia, R. V.  2000.  The Cast Iron Forest. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Gage, H. A.  1908.  A preliminary list of the plants of the Arbuckle Mountains. BA Thesis. University of Oklahoma. (C flora Murray Carter[244])

Gaskin, B., and D. Bass. 2000. Macroinvertebrates collected from seven Oklahoma springs. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 80:17-23

Gay, D. L., D. M. Engle, E. R. Allen, and J. F. Stritzke. 1997. Nitrogen and biomass dynamics following brush control in the cross timbers. J. Range Manage. 50:55-61

Gelwick, F. P., and W. J. Matthews. 1992. Effects of an algivorous minnow on temperate stream ecosystem properties. Ecology 73:1630-45

Gibson, D. J. 1982. The natural revegetation of lead/zinc mine spoil in northeastern Oklahoma. Southw. Nat. 27:425-36

Gido, K. B., W. J. Matthews, and W. C. Wolfinbarger. 2000. Long-term changes in a reservoir fish assemblage: stability in an unpredictable environment. Ecol. Appl. 10:1517-29

Glenn, S. M., and S. L. Collins. 1990. Patch structure in tallgrass prairies: dynamics of satellite species. Oikos 57:229-36

Glenn, S. M., and S. L. Collins. 1993. Experimental analysis of patch dynamics in tallgrass prairie plant communities. J. Veg. Sci. 4:157-62

Grzybowski, J. A., D. J. Tazik, and G. D. Schnell. 1994. Regional analysis of black-capped vireo breeding habitats. Condor 96:512-44

Hammond, P. C. 1995. Conservation of biodiversity in native prairie communities in the United States. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 68:1-6

Harper, H. J. 1961. Drought years in central Oklahoma from 1710 to 1959 calculated from annual rings of post oak trees. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 41:23-9

Harrell, R. C., B. J. Davis, and T. C. Dorris. 1967. Stream order and species diversity of fishes in an intermittent Oklahoma stream. Am. Midl. Nat. 78:428-36

Hendricks, P., and D. L. Reinking. 1994. Investigator visitation and predation rates on bird nests in burned and unburned tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma: an experimental study. Southw. Nat. 39:196-200

Hoagland, B. 2000. The vegetation of Oklahoma: a classification for landscape mapping and conservation planning. Southw. Nat. 45:385-420

Hoagland, B. W., and S. L. Collins. 1997. Heterogeneity in shortgrass prairie vegetation: the role of playa lakes. J. Veg. Sci. 8:277-86

Hulnik, F. W.  1974.  The effect of fire on the growth of Rhus glabra L. and Smilax bona-nox L. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Hussain, M.  1994.  The structure of plant microcommunities emerging from soil seed banks. Ph.D. Thesis. Oklahoma State University.

Hutchinson, G. P., R. K. Anderson, and J. J. Crockett. 1968. Change in species composition of grassland communities in response to grazing intensity. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 47:25-7

Johnson, F. L., and P. G. Risser. 1972. Some vegetation-environment relationships in the upland forests of Oklahoma. J. Ecol. 60:655-63

Johnson, F. L., and P. G. Risser. 1975. A quantitative comparison between an oak forest and an oak savannah in central Oklahoma. Southw. Nat. 20:75-84

Johnson, F. L., D. J. Gibson, and P. G. Risser. 1982. Revegetation of unreclaimed coal strip-mines in Oklahoma. I. Vegetation structure and soil properties. J. Appl. Ecol. 19:453-63

Johnson, K. S.  1977.  Minerals, mineral industries and reclamation. Pages 93-111 in J. W. Morris, editor. Geography of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City.

Jones, R. E. 1962. The quantitative phenology of two plant communities in Osage County, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 42:31-8

Kelting, R. W. 1954. Effects of moderate grazing on the composition and plant production of a native tall-grass prairie in central Oklahoma. Ecology 35:200-7

Kelting, R. W. 1957. Notes and comment: winter burning in central Oklahoma grassland. Ecology 38:520-2

Koppelman, J. B., and D. E. Figg. 1995. Genetic estiamtes of variability and relatedness for conservation of an Ozark cave crayfish species complex. Cons. Bio. 9:1288-94

Lawson, C. A. 1970. The genus Tilia in Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 50:104-5

Lee, M. E.  1991.  The original tallgrass prairie: ecological interpretation of historical evidence.

Little, E. L. 1938. The vegetation of Muskogee County, Oklahoma. Am. Midl. Nat. 19:559-72

Little, E. L., Jr. 1938. Flora of Muskogee County, Oklahoma. Am. Midl. Nat. 19:369-89

Love, H. S., Jr.  1971.  The detection and nature of functional underground connections between members of certain woody species of the Oklahoma cross timbers. Ph.D. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Luckhardt, R. L., and H. G. Barclay. 1938. A study of the environment and floristic composition of an oak-hickory woodland in northeastern Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 18:25-32

Mallett, W. M.  1998.  Controls of nutrient concentrations in a prairie stream. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University.

Masters, R. E.  1991.  Effects of fire and timber harvest on vegetation and cervid use on oak-pine sites in Oklahoma Ouachita Mountains. Pages 168-176 in S. C. Nodvin and T. A. Waldrop, editors. USDA For. Serv. Ben. Tech. Rep. SE-69: Fire and the environment: ecological and cultural perspectives. Southeast Forestry Experimental Station, Asheville, NC.

Masters, R. E., D. M. Engle, and R. Robinson. 1993. Effects of timber harvest and periodic fire on soil chemical properties in the Ouachita Mountains. South. J. Appl. For. 17:139-45

May, E. B., and W. T. Penfound. 1967. Efficiencies of the point-centered quarter and quadrat methods in forest sampling. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 48:6-11

McDonald, C. B.  1974.  A floristic study of the native or naturalized vegetation of Washington County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University. (NE flora[459])

McDonald, C. B. 1976. A floristic study of Washington County, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 56:53-4

Means, F. H.  1969.  Vascular plants of southeastern Oklahoma from the Sans Bois to the Kiamichi Mountains. PhD Thesis. Oklahoma State University. (E flora[478])

Netherland, E. L., Jr.  1966.  The effect of disturbances on species diversity values in tall grass prairie sites. DE Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Oklahoma Biodiversity Task Force.  1996.  Oklahoma's Biodiversity Plan: A Shared Vision for Conserving Our Natural Heritage. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Osborn, B. 1942. Prairie dogs in shinnery (oak scrub) savannah. Ecology 23:110-5

Palmer, M. W. 1993. Vascular plant biodiversity in Oklahoma. Water Resources Res. A-124:1

Palmer, M. W., and T. A. Maurer. 1997. Does diversity beget diversity? A case study of crops and weeds. J. Veg. Sci. 8:235-40

Parks, J. M., and H. G. Barclay. 1966. The increasing importance of vines in southern Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 46:9-16

Penfound, W. T. 1961. The composition of a black willow forest in south central Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 41:30-1

Penfound, W. T. 1962. The savanna concept in Oklahoma. Ecology 43:774-5

Penfound, W. T. 1965. Vegetational changes in a black willow forest over a four-year period. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 45:39

Penfound, W. T. 1968. Influence of a wildfire in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. Ecology 49:1003-6

Penfound, W. T., M. C. Jennison, and J. S. Shed. 1965a. Replacement of a population of Johnson Grass by a vine-forb community. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 45:40-1

Penfound, W. T., J. S. Shed, and M. C. Jennison. 1965b. A plant community dominated by vines. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 45:41-3

Petranka, J. W., and J. K. McPherson. 1979. The role of Rhus copallina in the dynamics of the forest-prairie ecotone in north-central Oklahoma. Ecology 60:956-65

Pettyjohn, W. A.  1983.  Water Atlas of Oklahoma. University Center for Water Research, Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Platt, S. G., and C. G. Brantley. 1997. Canebrakes: an ecological and historical perspective. Castanea 62:8-21

Pogue, D. W., and G. D. Schnell. 1994. Habitat characterization of secondary cavity-nesting birds in Oklahoma. Wilson Bull. 106:203-26

Polly, H. W., and S. L. Collins. 1984. Relationship of vegetation and environment in buffalo wallows. Am. Midl. Nat. 112:178-86

Porter, C. M., D. M. Butler, and D. M. Janz. 2000. Central Oklahoma bioassessment study: evaluation of stream health by using fish and macroinvertebrate communities as biological indicators. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 80:61-70

Power, M. E., and A. J. Stewart. 1987. Disturbance and recovery of an algal assemblage following flooding in an Oklahoma stream. Am. Midl. Nat. 117:333-44

Reynolds, R. E. 1977. Distribution of Beaver in Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 57:83-5

Rice, E. L. 1960. The microclimate of a relict stand of sugar maple in Devils Canyon in Canadian County, Oklahoma. Ecology 41:445-53

Rice, E. L., and R. W. Kelting. 1955. The species-area curve. Ecology 36:7-11

Rice, E. L., and W. T. Penfound. 1959. The upland forests of Oklahoma. Ecology 40:593-608

Rice, E. L., W. T. Penfound, and L. M. Rohrbaugh. 1960. Seed dispersal and mineral nutrition in succession in abandoned fields in central Oklahoma. Ecology 41:224-8

Risser, P. G., and E. L. Rice. 1971. Diversity in tree species in Oklahoma upland forests. Ecology 52:876-80

Risser, P. H., and E. L. Rice. 1971. Phytosociological analysis of Oklahoma upland forest species. Ecology 52:940-5

Rosiere, R. E., D. M. Engle, and J. M. Cadle. 1989. Revegetation of Tripoli Quarries in the Ozark Highlands of Oklahoma. Landscape Urban Plan. 17:175-88

Rossen, J. F.  1994.  Quercus stellata growth and stand characteristics in the Quercus stellata-Quercus marilandica forest type in the Cross Timbers region of Central Oklahoma. in Proceedings of the North American Conference on Savannas and Barrens. Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. (N)

Rosson, J. F.  1994.  Quercus stellata growth and stand characteristics in the Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica forest type in the cross timbers region of central Oklahoma. Pages 329-331 in J. S. Fralish, R. C. Anderson, J. E. Ebinger and R. Szafoni, editors. North American Conference on Barrens and Savannas. Illinois State University, Normal.

Schnell, G. D., P. G. Risser, and J. F. Helsel. 1977. Factor analysis of tree distribution patterns in Oklahoma. Ecology 58:1345-55

Schnell, G. D., P. G. Risser, and J. F. Helsel. 1981. Shrub distribution patterns in Oklahoma with comparisons to those exhibited by trees. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 108:54-66

Schrader, J. A., and W. R. Graves. 2000. Timing of seed dispersal may limit the reproductive success of Alnus maritima. Castanea 65:69-77

Schulz, C. A., D. M. Leslie, R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Engle. 1992. Autumn and winter bird populations in herbicide-treated cross timbers in Oklahoma. Am. Midl. Nat. 127:215-23

Segelquist, C. A., and R. E. Pennington. 1968. Deer browse in the Ouachita forest in Oklahoma. J. Wildl. Man. 32:623-6

Seyfer, J. R.  1976.  Variation with stream order in species composition, diversity, biomass, and chlorophyll of periphyton in Otter Creek, Oklahoma. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Shaw, J. H., and T. S. Carter. 1990. Bison movements in relation to fire and seasonality. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:426-30

Shaw, J. H., and M. Lee. 1997. Relative abundance of bison, elk, and pronghorn on the southern plains, 1806-1857. Plains Anthropologist 42:163-71

Shed, J. S., and W. T. Penfound. 1963. Distribution of legumes as correlated with surface geology and plant succession. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 44:2-6

Sherwood, R. T. B., and P. G. Risser. 1980. Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Little Sahara State Park, Oklahoma. Southw. Nat. 25:323-38

Sorrells, L., and S. Glenn. 1991. Review of sampling techniques used in studies of grassland plant communities. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 71:43-6

Sparks, J. C., R. E. Masters, D. M. Engle, M. W. Palmer, and G. A. Bukenhofer. 1998. Effects of late growing-season and late dormant-season prescribed fire on herbaceous vegetation in restored pine-grassland communities. J. Veg. Sci. 9:133-42

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Story II, J. W. 2000. The relationship between Pleopeltis polypodioides (Polypodiaceae) and associated mosses. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 80:99-104

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Taylor, C. M., M. R. Winston, and W. J. Matthews. 1996. Temporal variation in tributary and mainstem fish assemblages in a Great Plains stream system. Copeia 1996:280-9

Taylor, R. J., and W. T. Penfound. 1961. The grassland communities on the Baum limestone in Johnston County, Oklahoma. Southw. Nat. 6:98-9

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Wallis, C. S.  1959.  Vascular plants of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Ph.D. Thesis. Oklahoma State University. (flora NE[804])

Ware, G. H., and W. T. Penfound. 1949. The vegetation of the lower levels of the floodplain of the South Canadian River in Central Oklahoma. Ecology 30:478-84

Waterfall, U. T., and C. S. Wallis. 1963. A list of the vascular flora of Oklahoma Ozarks. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 44:11-22

Weaver, J. E., and F. W. Albertson. 1940. Deterioration of midwestern ranges. Ecology 21:216-36

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Wethington, M. K.  1994.  A spatial and temporal analysis of forest and grassland changes at the tallgrass prairie preserve. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Wikle, T., and G. Bailey. 1997. The spatial diffusion of linguistic features in Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 77:1-15

Williams, L. R., C. S. Toepfer, and A. D. Martinez. 1996. The relationship between fish assemblages and environmental gradients in an Oklahoma prairie stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 11:459-68

Wiseman, D. S. 1977. Food habits and weights of bobwhite from northeastern Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 57:110-5

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